AGRICULTURAL
1. Substitute rusted G.I suction/delivery pipes by low friction rigid PVC pipes
of correct diameter.
2. Replace substandard foot valve by ISI marked foot valve.
3. Replace substandard pumpsets by energy efficient pumpsets.
4. Use correct size pumpsets and
associated accessories.
5. Provide and maintain capacitors in
good condition.
6. Avoid operation under low voltage
conditions.
7. Install, repair pumpset motors and wiring by competent electrical
personnel.
8. Ensure adequate water availability when pump
DOMESTIC SECTOR
I. LIGHTING:
1. Do not forget to SWITCH OFF lights and fans when not required.
2. Utilise the SUNLIGHT wherever and whenever available.
3. A house should be designed in such a way that maximum
sunlight and ventilation are obtained.
4. Light coloured walls reflect more light and hence minimum
lamps are enough.
5. As far as possible, use task lighting which focuses light
where it is needed.
6. Make use of Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFL) in place of incandescent lamps.
7. 36 Watt slim tube lights give equivalent light output as that of 40 Watt tube lights.
8. Use electronic ballasts / electronic choke against conventional electromagnetic
ballasts tube lights for they consume less power.
9. A so called zero watt bulb consumes 12 to 15 Watts / hour. CFL’s are available in
5,7,9,11 watts capacities and they give better light output.
10. Many automatic devices can help in saving energy used in lighting. Consider
employing infrared sensors, motion sensors, automatic timers, dimmers and solar
cells wherever applicable, to switch on/off lighting circuits.
11. Clean bulbs and tubelights periodically to avoid reduction in illumination.
II. FANS AND MOTORS:
1. Use light weight / energy efficient fans.
2. Use electronic regulators for fans for they consume
less power and provides fine control.
3. Avoid rewinding of motors.
4. Clean fan blades periodically.
5. Lubricate bearing of motor periodically.
III. GRINDERS:
1. Use energy efficient motors for grinders.
2. Always use nylon belt in grinders.
3. Use grinder to its full capacity.
4. Clean and lubricate grinder parts periodically. IV. WASHING MACHINE:
1. Use washing machine to its full capacity.
2. Avoid using dryer in washing machines whenever possible.
V. AIR-CONDITIONER:
1. Use correct capacity air-conditioner to suit the requirement.
2. Avoid frequent opening and closing of air-conditioned room.
3. Clean the AC filters periodically.
4. Air-conditioned room must be leak proof.
5. Set the thermostat of room air conditioner at 25°C (77°F)
to provide the most comfort at the least cost.
6. Use energy efficient star labeled new air conditioner in place of older ones which
need repair.
VI. IRONING:
1. Avoid ironing one or two clothes daily and adopt large scale ironing.
VII. REFRIGERATOR:
1. Keep refrigerator away from the wall to allow air to circulate around the refrigerator.
2. Avoid frequent closing and opening of refrigerator door.
3. Allow heated food stuff to cool down to normal
temperature before refrigerating.
4. Make sure foods are covered before they are kept in
the refrigerator.
5. Defrost regularly to keep freezers working their best.
6. Thermostat control in refrigerators should be adjusted
to optimum level depending upon climatic condition.
7. Use energy efficient star labeled refrigerators.
VIII. WATER PUMPS:
1. Use energy efficient water pumps.
2. Use correct size PVC piping system in water lines.
3. Arrest leakage of water in taps / joints.
4. Use capacitors for water pumps to improve power factor. 5. Use level controllers for tripping of water pumps while pumping of water to
overhead tanks etc.,
IX. WATER HEATERS:
1. Use solar water heaters wherever possible.
2. Avoid water leakage in taps / joints.
3. Always insulate hot water pipes to reduce heat loss.
X. COMPUTERS:
1. Turn off your home office equipment when not in use. A computer that runs 24
hours a day, for instance, uses - more power than an energy-efficient refrigerator.
2. If your computer must be left on, turn off the monitor; this
device alone uses more than half the system's energy.
3. Setting computers, monitors, and copiers to use
sleep-mode when not in use helps cut energy costs by
approximately 40%.
4. Screen savers save computer screens, not energy.
Start-ups and shutdowns do not use any extra energy, nor are they hard on your
computer components. In fact, shutting computers down when you are finished
using them actually reduces system wear - and saves energy.
INDUSTRIES
BOILERS:
• Preheat combustion air with waste heat.
• Use variable speed drives on large boiler combustion air fans with variable flows.
• Burn wastes if permitted.
• Insulate exposed heated oil tanks.
• Clean burners, nozzles, strainers, etc.
• Inspect oil heaters for proper oil temperature.
• Close burner air and/or stack dampers when the burner is
off to minimize heat loss up the stack.
• Improve oxygen trim control
• Use boiler blowdown to help warm the back-up boiler.
• Optimize deaerator venting.
• Inspect for scale and sediment on the water side
• Add an economizer to preheat boiler feedwater using exhaust heat.
• Recycle steam condensate.
• Study part-load characteristics and cycling costs to determine the most-efficient
mode for operating multiple boilers.
• Establish a boiler efficiency-maintenance program. Start with an energy audit
and follow-up, then make a boiler efficiency-maintenance program a part of your
continuous energy management program.
STEAM SYSTEM:
• Accumulate work orders for repair of steam leaks that can't be fixed during the
heating season due to system shutdown requirements. Tag each such leak with a
durable tag with a good description.
• Use back pressure steam turbines to produce lower steam
pressures.
• Ensure process temperatures are correctly controlled.
• Maintain lowest acceptable process steam pressures.
• Reduce hot water wastage to drain.
• Remove or blank off all redundant steam piping.
• Preheat boiler feed-water.
• Use an absorption chiller to condense exhaust steam before returning the
condensate to the boiler.
FURNACES:
• Check against infiltration of air: Use doors or air curtains.
• Monitor O2 /CO2/CO and control excess air to the optimum level.
• Match the load to the furnace capacity.
• Improve burner design, combustion control and instrumentation.
• Provide temperature controllers.
INSULATION:
• Repair damaged insulation
• Insulate any hot or cold metal or insulation.
• Use an infrared gun to check for cold wall areas during
cold weather or hot wall areas during hot weather.
• Insulate all flanges, valves and couplings
• Insulate open tanks.
WASTE HEAT RECOVERY:
• Recover heat from flue gas, engine cooling water,
engine exhaust, low pressure waste steam, drying
oven exhaust, boiler blowdown, etc.
• Recover heat from incinerator off-gas.
• Use heat pumps.
• Use thermal wheels, run-around systems, heat pipe
systems, and air-to-air exchangers.
ELECTRICAL UTILITIES:
• Optimise the tariff structure with utility supplier.
• Schedule your operations to maintain a high load factor.
• Minimise maximum demand by tripping loads through a demand controller.
• Use standby electric generation equipment for on-peak high load periods.
• Relocate transformers close to main loads.
• Set transformer taps to optimum settings.
• Disconnect primary power to transformers that do not serve any active loads.
MOTORS:
• Choose correct size of motor (horse power) for optimum efficiency
and use energy-efficient motors for continuous operations.
• Check for under-voltage and over-voltage conditions.
• Balance the three-phase power supply.
DRIVES:
• Use variable-speed drives for large variable loads.
• Use high-efficiency gear sets and use synthetic
lubricants for large gearboxes.
• Check belt tension regularly.
COMPRESSORS:
• Use a synthetic lubricant if the compressor manufacturer permits it.
• Be sure lubricating oil temperature is not too high (oil degradation and lowered
viscosity) and not too low (condensation contamination).
• Change the oil filter regularly.
• Periodically inspect compressor inter coolers for proper functioning.
• Consider variable speed drive for variable load on positive
displacement compressors
• Use waste heat from a very large compressor to power an
absorption chiller or preheat process or utility feeds.
• Establish a compressor efficiency-maintenance program.
Start with an energy audit and follow-up, then make a compressor efficiency-
maintenance program a part of your continuous energy management program.
COMPRESSED AIR:
• Install a control system to coordinate multiple air compressors.
• Avoid over sizing -- match the connected load.
• Load up modulation-controlled air compressors. (They use almost as much
power at partial load as at full load.)
• Turn off the back-up air compressor until it is needed.
• Reduce air compressor discharge pressure to the lowest acceptable setting.
• Replace standard v-belts with high-efficiency flat belts as the
old v-belts wear out.
• Take air compressor intake air from the coolest (but not air
conditioned) location
• Monitor pressure drops across suction and discharge filters
and clean or replace filters promptly upon alarm.
• Use a properly sized compressed air storage receiver.
• Consider alternatives to compressed air such as blowers for cooling, hydraulic rather
than air cylinders, electric rather than air actuators, and electronic rather than
pneumatic controls.
• Use nozzles or venturi-type devices rather than blowing with open compressed air
lines.
• Check for leaking drain valves on compressed air filter/regulator sets. Certain rubber-
type valves may leak continuously after they age and crack.
HVAC (Heating / Ventilation / Air Conditioning):
• In winter during unoccupied periods, allow temperatures to fall as low as possible
without freezing water lines or damaging stored materials.
• In summer during unoccupied periods, allow temperatures to rise as high as
possible without damaging stored materials.
• Tune up the HVAC control system.
• Consider installing a building automation system (BAS)
or energy management system (EMS) or restoring an
out-of-service one.
• Balance the system to minimize flows and reduce
blower/fan/pump power requirements.
• Eliminate or reduce reheat whenever possible.
• Use appropriate HVAC thermostat setback.
• Use morning pre-cooling in summer and pre-heating in winter (i.e.--before electrical
peak hours).
• Improve control and utilization of outside air.
• Use air-to-air heat exchangers to reduce energy requirements for heating and
cooling of outside air.
• Reduce HVAC system operating hours (e.g. -- night, weekend).
• Optimize ventilation.
• Ventilate only when necessary. To allow some areas to be shut down when
unoccupied, install dedicated HVAC systems on continuous loads (e.g. -- computer
rooms).
• Provide dedicated outside air supply to kitchens, cleaning rooms, combustion
equipment, etc. to avoid excessive exhausting of conditioned air.
• Reduce humidification or dehumidification during unoccupied periods.
• Purchase only high-efficiency models for HVAC window units.
• Seal leaky HVAC ductwork and all leaks around coils.
• Eliminate simultaneous heating and cooling during seasonal transition periods.
REFRIGERATION:
• Use water-cooled condensers rather than air-cooled condensers.
• Challenge the need for refrigeration, particularly for old batch processes.
• Avoid oversizing -- match the connected load.
• Consider gas-powered refrigeration equipment to minimize
electrical demand charges.
• Don't assume that the old way is still the best -- particularly for
energy-intensive low temperature systems.
• Correct inappropriate brine or glycol concentration that
adversely affects heat transfer and/or pumping energy.
• Consider change of refrigerant type if it will improve efficiency.
• Establish a refrigeration efficiency-maintenance program. Start with an energy audit
and follow-up, then make a refrigeration efficiency-maintenance program a part of
your continuous energy management program.
DG SETS:
• Optimise loading.
• Use waste heat to generate steam/hot water /power an
absorption chiller or preheat process or utility feeds.
• Clean air filters regularly.
• Insulate exhaust pipes to reduce DG set room temperatures.
• Use cheaper heavy fuel oil for capacities more than 1 MW.
Courtesy: TNEB
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