IT'S NOT A SIMPLE MATTER....

FRIENDS,
Tamilnadu has been experiencing power outages since 2008 in a big way. The government is trying its level best to augment power supply through various steps. The first one being purchasing power from private and public firms. Power is being purchased at a very high cost and is supplied free to our farmers as it is 'creative'. In a similar manner the weavers too get concessions from the government and  TN remained 'good' in the power production and distribution.

But of late the shortage of power is to the tune of 4500 mw and the power managers are struggling to distribute it equitably. Roughly 15% of the population of the state lives in Chennai city alone and hence they  are experiencing only a 2 hrs. power cut every day. Various power projects- the state, central, joint, and private players - are on the anvil and the state would be able to produce the required demand of 12500 mw by 2014 fully. But the power consumption might increase to 14000-15000 mw due to the intensified industrial and other demands.

Yes the governments   can come out with more and more projects . What as a citizen we have done to mitigate the suffering of our fellow country me? LET US THINK AND ACT.

• Switch off the street lights on your street  at 6 a.m everyday. Wait for none.
• Use the lights and fans judiciously.
• No need to have the lamps burn in every room. Restrict their usage.
• The Indian faith' light should be there in every room at dusk to ensure the presence of goddess Lakshmi can wait till the power situations turns better.
• No need for a study room for each of the family member and all can be in one room and read.
• Rememeber the tallest leaders like our Kalam and CV Raman studied with the help of hurricane lamps 
• Bath rooms can have 5-10 watt CFLs and DON'T PUT POWERFUL BULBS
• Change every filament bulb to  a CFL today.
• For tube lamps go for electronic ballasts instead of old copper chokes
• Forget the ornamental lights permanently    
• You have the power to pay ;but we don't have the resources to supply as it is essential for many
• Realise charging more the big users are not to collect big money but to restrict the usage 
• Be always conscious of the other user waiting for it - a farmer in a distant field, a weaver in Kanchipuram, a patient waiting for an X-ray scan... before u switch on your lights
• Be ready to sacrifice your comforts- hot water, air-conditioned rooms'
• Allow not the TV shout always let it observe silence for some time
• Computer machines won't die if AC machine is switched off.  it is a myth. Forget it. 
• In big offices (govt/private) some one comes and switches  on every light and fan and AC machine even when there is no one arrived for duty. Let the person concerned learn to operate it.

to be continued.....

also read this.. for the high end end users-

A wise man once said, “For if you put by little to little, and do so often, it will quickly become much.” So when it comes to saving electricity it is the little things we do as individuals and families that go a long way in saving electricity for the nation.  The following tips are not exhaustive but may be of some assistance in enhancing optimum utilisation of your power supply: 1. Did you know that the major energy consuming appliances in the home are the water heater (geyser) and the oven? 2. Ensure that the geyser thermostat is in good working order and set at about 65°C. If your geyser does not have a water heater blanket, talk to your stockist about insulation. 3. If you have a washing machine, make sure your water temperature setting is not above 30°C; it saves electricity and your clothes last longer! 4. By reducing the amount of water in your bathtub you could save both on water and electricity as the greater the volume of water drained from your geyser, the more electrical energy you have to use up to heat the cold water replacing that being drained out. 5. Your electrical stove must be kept in good working order and in this state it can be switched off at least five minutes before the food is cooked and the stored heat will finish off the cooking. 6. For cooking most foods, pre heating is not necessary like in baking, and did you know that every time you open your oven door during cooking you lose approx. 25°C of heat? Food for thought! 7. If you’re going away on holiday, consider buying timers to turn  your lights on instead of leaving them on 24 hours a day! 8. Did you know that it is quicker and cheaper to boil water in a kettle than in a pot? When using an electric kettle to boil water, it is advisable to boil only what is needed provided that the element is covered of course! 9. Avoid making toast under the grill, use a toaster! It’s quicker and cheaper. 10. Why don’t you replace your old filament Light bulbs with compact fluorescent energy savers? They use less electrical energy and they last up to 3 years! Remember, unoccupied rooms are better left unlit.

  

REDUCING EMISSIONS

Methodology for assessing carbon stock for REDD+ project in India (COURTESY: Ministry of environment Govt of India)

Introduction

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) is an international

 initiative that was started at CoP-15 (Copenhagen) in 2009. Forests store a great deal 

of the world’s carbon; and an estimated 12–18% of global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions 

come from land use change – mainly deforestation and forest degradations. REDD has emerged 

as a central strategy in efforts to reduce global greenhouse gases emissions. By 

creating financial incentives to reduce forest-sourced greenhouse gases, REDD 

projects could generate funding from developed to developing countries. This 

can yield significant sustainable development benefits, and may generate a new 

financing stream for sustainable forest management in developing countries 

such as India. REDD+ goes beyond deforestation and forest degradation, 

and includes the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests, and 

enhancement of forest carbon stocks (www.un-redd.org).

India’s submissions to the United Nations Framework Convention on 

Climate Change (UNFCCC) have consistently reiterated its position to get 

recognition and encouragement for conservation, sustainable management of 

forests, and increase in forest cover as a potential policy approaches under 

REDD+. India has maintained that all countries engaged in efforts to maintain 

and increase forest carbon stocks in their broader national policy framework of 

conservation and sustainable management of forests should be rewarded. The 

REDD+ approach incorporates important benefits for improving livelihoods, 

biodiversity conservation, and food security services. Recently, India submitted 

the methodological guidance for a REDD+ project to the UNFCCC, where 

it states that stratification of forest areas, Tree-outside-Forest (ToF), crown 

density classes, sampling design, precision of estimates, protocols for collecting 

sample data, and models and equations used in computing forest carbon stocks 

will form an essential part of accounting the report. All equations, growth, 

and biomass yield models used in the computation of forest carbon stocks 

will be based on published records, and freely and readily accessible to all 

for evaluation. Developing countries will have the option to choose all or any 

of the pools of forest carbon stocks. Indigenous peoples, local communities, 

civil societies and other interested entities will be fully involved and informed 

about the technological, methodological, policy, and financial aspects of the 

Measuring, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) processes and procedures. The 

objective of this paper is to examine the methodological issues such as scale, 

baseline reference, measuring, monitoring, and verifications of the REDD+ 

project in context to India. India has maintained that all countries engaged in efforts to 

maintain and increase forest carbon stocks in their broader national policy framework 

of conservation and sustainable management of forests should be rewarded. 4

Methodological issues 

Scale

Scale is one of the most critical policy issues of REDD+ project in the 

country since other important parameters such as base line reference level, 

permanence, leakages, monitoring, and investment all depends on it. While 

implementing the REDD+ project, a key question that arises is at what scale 

(level) should the project be implemented in the country? Should it be at the 

national level, or subnational level (project level) or mix of both (nested or 

hybrid approach). There are various arguments in favour and against for all 

these options. At the national level, favourable points are it allows broad set 

of policies and creates country ownership. National approach acknowledges 

tackling deforestation and forest degradation more, effectively which would 

require policy amendments in the country.

However, there are various serious constrains while implementing the 

REDD+ project at the national level, such as the lack of strong federal central 

government systems in many developing and under developed countries. 

Management of the project at a national level would be another constrain in 

larger countries such as India. It requires large number of skilled and trained 

forestry professionals across the nation. There would be higher transaction cost 

due to complex bureaucratic procedures and various complex processes at a 

nation-level approach.

In case of a sub-national approach, which is more suitable for a large country 

like India, individuals, communities, NGOs, civil societies, private companies, 

and national or local governments can implement REDD+ activities in a 

defined geographical area or at a project scale. Smaller projects can help in 

building capacity at the grassroots level, and spread knowledge and awareness. 

Smaller projects can clearly define project stakeholders and distribute the 

benefits more efficiently, and there are good possibilities of attracting private 

investors due to simple processes and well-defined stakeholders.

There are some negative arguments that smaller projects might not fulfil 

the emission reduction targets at a national or global level. Sometimes, it is 

difficult to monitor leakages on a small scale, and the cost of monitoring would 

be relatively higher than a bigger project.

A hybrid, or nested, approach tries to include positives from both the abovementioned approaches. The hybrid approach suggests implementing REDD+ 

policy at the project level first and then extending it at a national level. 

Building the capacity of various sub-national stakeholders would be helpful in 

implementing the policy at national level. Credits generated could be shared 

between the project proponent and the central authority.

There are various other options suggested by researchers from time to time. 

In one case, it might be possible to sub-divide one national project into a 

number of small projects and then implement them with the participation of 

local communities and private entities. However, a more feasible scale for the 

country would be at the subnational level, keeping in view the various positive 

points of the project-level approach. Initially, some projects could be started 

at the project level, in order to build the capacities of various stakeholders – 

including the Forest staff at grass root level – and then implement it at the 

It requires large number of skilled and trained forestry professionals 

across the nation. There would be higher transaction cost due to complex bureaucratic 

procedures and various complex processes at a nation-level approach.5

defined geographical area. From the Indian context, village forests, community 

forest resources, forest areas assigned to JFM and other areas of a similar 

nature may be undertaken as a unit for implementing the REDD+ project. 

Since there is no mechanism to transfer the money generated from carbon 

trading to the community, it would be appropriate to have smaller project 

areas, so that the fund would reach the community smoothly and efficiently.  

Baseline reference level

Baseline refers to the forest cover of an area at a certain period against which 

progress of the REDD+ project interventions can be measured. Baseline 

reference level is another key parameter for implementing the REDD+ project, 

and assessing its overall impact in terms of reduced GHGs and tradable carbon 

credits. There are various arguments in setting up the baseline reference level 

for the REDD+ project. In this case, if a baseline were established based on 

data from recent years only, it would discourage countries who have already 

made efforts for checking the deforestation rates. Such baseline will not 

yield any significant credits for them, hence would demotivate countries to 

participate in the process. India favours a baseline reference level of 1990, 

while countries such as Brazil and Latin America favour average of historical 

10 years period. Baseline reference level should depend upon the availability 

of the data. India favours the 1990 baseline due to availability of GIS, RS, and 

Forestry data for the entire country. India has one of the most advanced forest 

mapping programmes in the world, the Forest Survey of India (FSI) conducts 

a biennial cycle of forest and tree cover assessments throughout the nation. In 

addition, larger activities under the gamut of Sustainable Forest Management 

(SFM) started during the 1990s within the country. 

Monitoring

Regular monitoring of the carbon stock is very important for the REDD+ 

project. However, there are various issues in monitoring and verifying the 

REDD+ project; such as, there is no uniform defining of various terms like 

forests, deforestation, and degradation, across the globe. There is a lack of 

uniformly agreed density classification, which makes it difficult to monitor the 

progress and effectiveness of REDD+ projects across the nations. There is a 

lack of historical data, technical skills for field measurements, carbon stock 

calculations, and interpretation of satellite imageries in most of the world’s 

developing and under-developed nations. Besides, monitoring and verification 

requires huge expense. In India, there is an urgent need to organize capacity

building programmes of local communities and forest staff at the project level 

on methodologies for assessing carbon, in order to ensure minimal transaction 

cost for the preparation of REDD+ projects.

Leakages

Leakages are defined as changes in GHG emissions outside the project boundary due 

to project interventions. Leakages can reduce the impact of the project 

significantly, hence it should be addressed properly while implementing the

 REDD+ project. In India, the primary sources for leakages from the forest 

are fuel wood, fodder, and timber extraction. Fuel wood leakages can be reduced 

by deploying energy-efficient mechanisms, such as renewable energy In India, there

 is an urgent need to organize capacity-building programmes of local communities and 

forest staff at the project level on methodologies for assessing carbon, in order to 

ensure minimal transaction cost for the preparation of REDD+ projects.6 Fuel wood

 requirements could be tackled through the installation of improved cooking stoves,

 biogas plants, 

LPG, and various other means at the village level. Sources – especially solar energy

 sources – and providing alternate employment to the people who were dependant on fuel

 wood extraction for their livelihood. 

Fuel wood requirements could be tackled through the installation of improved cooking 

stoves, bio-gas plants, LPG, and various other means at the village level. Leakages

 in the forms of fuel wood and fodder can be managed through properly implementing

 the management prescriptions provided in the working 

plans and various other forestry documents, and cultivating nutritive grass 

species such as Barseem and Napier at private farms. Tree species of fodder 

grass such as Bhimal, Oak, Neem, and Bauhinia should be encouraged. The 

leakage of timber could be managed through the proper implementation of 

silviculture and the management techniques provided in the working plans 

of the respective forest divisions. In addition, conservation practices and 

sustainable harvesting would be encouraged. 

Carbon stock assessment

India has more than 70 million hectares under forest cover and added around 

3 million hectares of forest cover and ToF over the last decade. India has 

a good set of historical data of its forest area and thus, may propose the 

methodology, which is based on the Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic 

Information System (GIS) followed by ground trothing. The benchmark year 

may be considered as 1990 or 1991 depending upon the availability of the 

satellite imageries and other forestry data set. Forest cover map of 1990 and 

2012 (Project year) may be prepared using Landsat satellite data. The area 

would be divided into homogenous strata based on forest types (or species 

composition) and canopy density through interpretation of satellite imageries. 

It is proposed to classify the satellite image into three density-classes viz., 

“D 1” with tree canopy density between 10 to 40%, “D 2” with tree canopy 

density between 40 to 70%, and “D 3” with tree canopy density of more 

than 70%. Species composition, if not discernible from satellite data, can be 

determined from ground trothing. Field inventory data would be collected 

based on appropriate sampling design. A combination of systematic and 

stratified random sampling may be proposed based on methodology of the 

Forest Survey of India (FSI, 2011). In case of the project based approach, 

where average project size area is small (approximately 100 to 1000 ha), the 

entire project area may be divided into grids of 100m x 100m (1ha). Each grid 

can be assigned a unique ID and classified them according to the stratum it 

represents. Sampling intensity and sample plot size would be determined as 

per standard statistical tools. Field data such as project area, legal status of 

the project area, rights and concessions, topographical details, soil types and 

quality, site quality, status, forest types, species composition, number of stems 

of each species, girth, height, number of stems in each diameter class, and soil 

carbon data would need to be collected. Above ground carbon-stock would be 

calculated by taking the local volume equations prepared by FSI. (FSI, 1996). 

Below-ground carbon and carbon in the branches would be estimated using 

default values provided by IPCC Good Practices Guidelines. 

Carbon stock in each grid would be determined based on field data, and 

simultaneously, carbon stock per hectare would be estimated for each stratum. 

This would help in estimating carbon stock in the site for the benchmark 

year. The grids where an increase in canopy density is observed with respect 7

to benchmark year will indicate additionality due to Sustainable Forest 

Management (SFM) initiatives (or other effective management practices). 

Similarly, a decrease in density over the years would indicate leakage of carbon 

from the area due to unsustainable management practices and/or anthropogenic 

pressures. Carbon estimation from soil, woody litter, and decompose material 

would be estimated based on the present data, and it can be further compared 

in future projects of the same area. Socio-economic data including dependency 

on forest produce (firewood, small timber etc.) from the adjoining villages would 

be collected through conducting household surveys and group discussions. 

Such data would help in understanding the anthropogenic demands and 

further improvement of management interventions for SFM.

Remote sensing and GIS based methodology will help in estimating 

carbon stock of the benchmark year as well as for future temporal estimation 

at periodic intervals. The output generated would help in understanding the 

impact of on-going management practices, suggesting improved practices, and 

supporting decision-making processes. Annual increment data of the dominant 

species from the secondary sources (like Working Plan Document) can be used 

to refine the estimate, particularly in grids where there is no change in the 

density class over the past few years. Such data is needed as, while remote 

sensing data may not show any increase in grids where there is no change in 

canopy density, there would certainly be an increase in carbon stock because 

of annual increments in the above ground woody volume of the tree.  

Carbon estimation from soil, woody litter, and decompose material would be

 estimated  based on the present data, and it can be further compared in future

 projects of the same area. For further details, contact

J V Sharma

Senior Fellow, Forestry and Biodiversity

The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI)

Darbari Seth Block, IHC Complex, 

Lodhi Road, New Delhi – 110 003

Tel. 2468 2100 or 4150 4900, Fax 2468 2144 or

2468 2145 India +91 • Delhi (0) 11

E-mail jv.sharma@teri.res.in

Web www.teriin.org

Mr Subhash Chandra, IFS

DIG (Forest Policy)

Ministry of Environment & Forests,  

Paryavaran Bhavan

CGO Complex, Lodi Road, 

New Delhi 110 003

Telefax: 011-24363974

Email:subhaash.chandra@gmail.com

LITTLE DROPS OF HONEY TO SAVE MONEY

                               

LITTLE DROPS OF HONEY TO SAVE MONEY

HEATING/INSULATION

1.   Insulate the ceiling.

2.   Seal up any cracks e.g. around windows and doors to prevent heat escape. Remember you are paying for it!

3.   Use the thermostat and timer on your heaters so that they only come on when you need them and shut off automatically when they reach a certain temperature.

4.   Do not use the stove to heat up a room.

GEYSER

1.   Turn the geyser thermostat down to a lower temperature. 60 degrees is recommended.

2.   Insulate the geyser and hot water pipes.

3.   Uses less hot water all the time e.g. do not let it run when washing plates under a tap.

4.   Avoid using warm water if you can e.g. to wash clothes.

5.   Use the shower rather than bathtub.

6.   Shorten showers. When you take short showers, you save a considerable number of litres of hot water per day and consequently reduce water heating costs.

7.   Repair leaking taps. The more hot water tap leaks, the more the geyser works!

8.   Turn the geyser off for the most part of the day apart from mornings and evening when more hot water is needed. Do not rely on the thermostat as it may be faulty.

LIGHTING

1.   Let the sun shine in. Allow sunlight into your house or office and thereby eliminate the need to switch on the lights during day time.

2.   Switch off the lights when no one is in the room. If possible, acquire 
automatic switching off apparatus.

3.   Replace light bulbs with Compact Fluorescent Bulbs (CFLs). These energy saving bulbs can last more than three years and use about five times less energy than ordinary bulbs so the initial cost is definitely justifiable.

4.   Keep your lights and lampshades clean to get the maximum lighting effect.

5.   Install compact fluorescent lights in high utility  areas  they last longer and use 75% less energy than normal light bulbs.

6.   Place floor lamps and hanging lamps in corners. The reflection of the walls will give you more light.

7.   Paint walls light colours; dark walls need more power for the same amount of light.

8.   Switch off security lights early in the morning.

9.   Remove unneeded lamps where lighting levels are too high. In four-lamp fluorescent fixtures, you can remove either the two outer-most lamps or the inner pair to reduce energy use and still maintain sufficient lighting in an area. It is important to disconnect the fixtures, ballasts as well because these use electricity even if no lights are installed.

NB: Disconnecting ballasts is extremely dangerous! You should contact a qualified electrician to do this work.

COOKING/BAKING

1.   Compare cooking times in a micro wave with the stove, oven, steam cooker or even charcoal and choose the most economical source. For example, if you are cooking several items, a microwave might not be economical.

2.   If you are using a stove, bring foods to boil on and  then turn down to simmer until ready.

3.   Clean stove reflectors.

4.   Match the size of the pot to the size of the hot plate.

5.   Use smaller appliances to cook such as toasters, pressure cookers and electric pots as they cost less to operate.

6.   Defrost food without using the microwave oven or any other electrical appliance.

7.   Switch off the TV and radio if no one is watching or listening.

8.   When boiling water, boil only as much as you need and don’t fill the kettle with unnecessary water or keep the extra boiled water in a flask to use later.

9.   Plan meals so that several things can be cooked or baked at the same time in the oven. Avoid opening the door of the oven until the food is done.

10. Clean your oven right after you finish baking as the self-cleaning cycle will be head started in the heated oven, if you leave it unclean.

IRONING

1.   Switch off the pressing iron once it has reached the correct temperature.

2.   Switch off the pressing iron if interrupted whilst ironing.

3.   Iron clothes in large batches.

4.   Iron low temperature fabrics first to reduce warm up times.

REFRIGERATOR/FRIDGE

1.   Don’t open the doors unnecessarily and make sure the air tight seals are intact.

2.   Let hot foods cool before putting them in the fridge.

3.   Unplug spare refrigerators.

4.   Defrost your fridge on a regular basis.

5.   Place the refrigerator away from the stove, dishwasher, heat vents and direct sunlight.

6.   Keep the freezer full. The fuller the freezer, the less cold air you lose when opening the door.

7.   Leave enough space behind the refrigerator for ventilation.

8.   Set the right temperature.

9.   Cover all food stored in the refrigerator.

HEATING

1.   Turn off the heaters when you go out of the room.

2.   Wear a jersey whenever possible.

3.   Cover floors by carpeting as concrete floors absorb a lot of heat.

OTHER APPLIANCES

1.   Switch off the dishwasher before it gets to the drying cycle and dry the dishes by hand.

2.   When using an electrical kettle, store excess hot water in a thermos flask.

3.   The kettle element should always be immersed in water.

4.   Clean your kettle and washing machine on a regular basis. The limescale coating elements in these appliances may be removed using vinegar.

GENERAL

1.   Use appliances efficiently e.g. dishwashers and clothes washers. Use the cold water setting on these appliances when you can. Clean up the appliances after use and use the moisture  sensing automatic drying setting on your dryer if you have one.

2.   Put your computer and monitor to sleep. Most computers come with power management features turned off and so these features need to be reset to on so that your computer goes to sleep if you are away from your machine for 5 to 15 minutes. When you are done using your computer, turn it off. Do not leave it in sleep mode overnight as it is still drawing a small amount of power.

3.   Plug leaking energy in electronics. Many new TV’s, VCR’s, chargers, computer peripherals and other electronics use electricity even when they are switched off. These seemingly small standby losses can add up to a number of watts.

4.   Turn off electronics such as computers, monitors, and printers when you are not using them. Computer monitors use well over half the total energy used to run a computer.

5.   For computer scanners, printers and other devices that are plugged into an adapter, simply switch off the adapter after shutting down your computers.

6.   Use energy efficient appliances.

7.   Consider buying a laptop instead of a Desktop computer.

8.   Avoid unnecessary use of dryers.

9.   Install a programmable thermostat on geysers or other heating appliances.

10. Use big appliances in early morning or late at night.

11. Turn off unnecessary lights and appliances. Do not use these to scare off thieves.

12. To help prevent outages, minimize running your appliances during peak hours e.g. 06:30 - 10 hours, 12-14 hours and 18-21 hours or when an electricity emergence is declared.

13. Run your dish washer only when it is fully loaded.

14. Purchase energy saving tools and equipment where possible.

15. Replace air conditioner filters at regular intervals.

16. When using a borehole, pump water during off peak hours.

17. Always unplug your cell phone charger when not in use. You may not realize it, but your charger uses energy even when your phone is not plugged into it!

ECONOMICS WITHOUT ANY ETHICS.

 

 COUNTLESS COUNTING MACHINES  VS  AN UNFORTUNATE FAMILY  ON A STREET

]HOW DOES POVERTY ENTER AND STAY?

·        Can poverty and prosperity grow together?

·        Why should we celebrate the metal- gold alone?

·        HOW CAN ANY INFLATION ‘GOOD’ FOR THE ECONOMY?

·        WILL THERE BE AN END TO THE PRICE RISE?

·        HOW TO END THE PRICE RISE?

·        WHEN WOULD THE PRICES FALL?

·        ‘MORE AND MORE MONEY   WITH LESS AND LESS PEOPLE’; ‘PHILOSOPHY’  OF THE MODERN ERA?

·        SHOULD GROWTH BE SEEN ONLY IN THE INCREASE IN THE BALANCE SHEET?

·        ARE WE GOING TO MOVE A TRUCK LOAD OF CURRENCY TO BUY A LOAF OF BREAD?

·        INCREASE IN SALARY FOR ALL: WORTH THE SALT?

·        WHO SHOULD FIX THE PRICE FOR A COMMODITY, THE PRODUCER /THE BUYER?

·        IF A CORN FLAKE PACK OF 500gms’   RATE CAN BE FIXED BY THE PRODUCER WHY CAN’T THE FARMER FIX THE RATE FOR HIS 5000 KILO CORN?

·        YOU ARE NOT BARGAINING IN A SUPER MARKET WHEN YOU   BUY A TETRAPACK OF MANGO JUICE BUT WHY DO   YOU BARGAIN WHEN YOU PURCHASE A MANGO FROM A FARMER?

·        CAN WE ENSURE EQUALITY AMONG THE PEOPLE WHEN 95% OF THE POPULATION REMAINS AWAY FROM THE UGLY DANCE OF ECONOMICS CALLED ‘MARKET ECONOMY’?

·        The rich and the poor of the world are united in ‘growth’- the only difference being; for the rich, wealth grows and for the poor; poverty grows. How long this would happen? As long as the man lives in his ‘utopian’ world the poor has to suffer while the rich prospers.

·        MAN's best imaginative invention is called, 'shares/equities' in the field  of  trading.

·        The single most reason for the spread of poverty  among the  'masses'  and the accumulation of wealth by a few 'classes' is the result of an unethical, imaginary and cruel practice called 'trading'.

·        A poor farm hand in India gets two dollars for a day’s work. Similar is the status of millions across the world- leave alone the people who sleep on pavements without even a morsel of food.

·        But an ’arm chair magician' sitting before a system connected by internet would place orders for 'BUY' OR   ‘SELL’ a million shares at the click of a mouse.

·        If he  is going to get a million dollars at the click of a mouse who would be ready to toil in the fields? Is this justified? Is this not cruel? Is it not against the humanity?

·        This piece is not to blame the entire system that revolves around and creates private/public limited companies. But to remind the humanity that a class of people are there who deal with this e-money (easy money?) have no sense of  any work 'and indulge in this 'licensed gambling'  which is wrecking millions of poor across the world.

·        To be honest our governments are not having even paper currencies to match the 'zeroes' that are shown in the balance sheets of limited companies.

·        It was reported some of our CEO'S of Indian companies get more than 50,00,00,000 (50 crore/500 million) as their salaries for a year. But the government's most popular scheme promises 100 day work and 100 rupees salary. If a person works for all the 100 days he gets a mere 10,000 rupees. This is the modern economy. 

·        People who bet on an imaginary horse are riding on prosperity and a man who rears and rides real a horse is reeling in poverty. Unless this bubble money concept is stopped the disparities between the rich and the poor will grow menacingly. The growth percentage shown by the economists are not for all but for a few.

·        The concept of the quantity theory of money (QTM) began in the 16th century. As gold and silver inflows from the Americas into Europe were being minted into coins, there was a resulting rise in inflation. This led economist Henry Thornton in 1802 to assume that more money equals more inflation and that an increase in money supply does not necessarily mean an increase in economic output.

·        The quantity theory of money states that there is a direct relationship between the quantity of money in an economy and the level of prices of goods and services sold. According to QTM, if the amount of money in an economy doubles, price levels also double, causing inflation (the percentage rate at which the level of prices is rising in an economy). The consumer therefore pays twice as much for the same amount of the good or service.

·        Another way to understand this theory is to recognize that money is like any other commodity: increases in its supply decrease marginal value (the buying capacity of one unit of currency). So an increase in money supply causes prices to rise (inflation) as they compensate for the decrease in money’s marginal value.

·        Should we return to barter system? NO. Let us not grow greed. In the words of Mahatma ,’the world has enough for every one’s need  but not for even one  person’s greed’.